Thermodynamics (C)

Consider a reversible thermodynamic process involving one mole of ideal gas represented by a line on the $P-V$ diagram connecting two states X ($4$ bar, $1$ L, $T_1$) and Y ($1$ bar, $2$ L, $T_2$) as shown in the…

The Gibbs free energy G for a liquid is considered as a function of temperature $(\mathrm{T})$ and pressure $(\mathrm{P}) . \mathrm{G}$ is plotted either as a function of temperature at different constant pressures…

Consider n moles of an ideal gas undergoing a cyclic process $\mathrm{X}\left(\mathrm{P}_1, \mathrm{~V}_1, \mathrm{~T}_1\right) \rightarrow$ $\mathrm{Y}\left(\mathrm{P}_2, \mathrm{~V}_2, \mathrm{~T}_2\right) \rightarrow…

The pressure-volume diagrams for some processes involving 1 mole of an ideal gas are indicated below The process $\mathbf{P} \rightarrow \mathbf{Q}$ is isothermal and irreversible, while $\mathbf{Q} \rightarrow…

A thermally insulated vessel is partitioned into two compartments by a rigid, movable, and frictionless diathermal (heat conducting) piston. Each compartment contains one mole of an ideal gas. The piston is initially…

A thermally insulated vessel is partitioned into two compartments by a fixed diathermal (heat conducting) wall and each compartment contains certain amount of ideal gas. The temperature, pressure, volume, number of…

The three thermodynamic states $\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{Q}$ and R . of a system are connected by the paths shown in the figure given on the right. The entropy change in the processes $\mathrm{P} \rightarrow \mathrm{Q},…

One mole of an ideal mono-atomic gas is subjected to a cyclic process connecting the states $\mathrm{L}, \mathrm{M}$ and N as shown in the pressure - temperature diagram given below. The line LM passes through the…

Solubility of a solute in some solvent is assumed to be expressed using an Arrhenius type equation where the activation energy is replaced by the enthalpy of solution and the Arrhenius constant is replaced by the…

For the chemical reaction $\mathrm{pX}+\mathrm{q} \mathbf{Y} \leftrightharpoons \mathrm{r} \mathbf{Z}$, the standard free energy change is denoted by $\Delta G^0$. For positive $\Delta G^0$, the correct statement is

Certain amount (say, n moles) of a monoatomic ideal gas $\left(C_v=\frac{3}{2} R\right)$ of volume $V_1$, temperature $T_1$, and pressure $P_1$ is expanded against a constant external pressure $\mathrm{P}_2$ until the…

A certain amount ($n$ moles) of a monoatomic ideal gas changes from an initial state $\mathrm{X}\left(P_1, V_1, T_1\right)$ to a final state $\mathrm{Y}\left(P_2, V_2, T_2\right)$. Let $\Delta U, \Delta H$, and $\Delta…